The mini B USB Device Port (labeled "Device"underneath the port) is used to connect to a PC for remote control or download test results data to a PC. USB A Controller Port (labeled "Host" underneath the port) is for external keyboard, barcode reader, or printer.

No. Ensure both ProSim 4 or 8 and patient monitor are properly zeroed before starting the IBP simulation. Below is the step by step procedure on how to properly zero both patient monitor and ProSim 8 for IBP number to display. Please the zero procedure on different patient monitors may be different; please refer to patient monitor user manual for details. The example below uses HP/Philips Viridia vital sign patient monitor:

The more IBP channels a simulator has, the larger and more expensive the simulator will be. The majority of our fleet of customer design partners reported they do not have to use more than two IBP channels at the same time; those who do need to test three or more IBP channels have chosen to test two IBP channels at a time, then two more, and so on. This preference avoids that extra cost, size and weight, and still yields faster/easier testing in the end.

Alternatively, the new ProSim 3 does have four IBP channels thatyou can test all simultaneously.

The auscultatory technique is based on the sounds caused by the blood flow through the artery that is surrounded by the cuff. These sounds are known as Korotkoff (K) sounds. In manual blood pressure measurement, these sounds are detected by a human observer using a stethoscope.

The oscillometric technique does not use K sounds to determine blood pressure. The oscillometric technique monitors the changes/vibrations in cuff pressure caused by the flow of blood through the artery. The monitor inflates the cuff to a pressure that occludes the artery.

There are many factors such as tubing, cuff size, and motion, which may affect NIBP readings. This is why all NIBP standards emphasize dynamic pressure repeatability rather than absolute accuracy. BP Pump 2 and CuffLink have a default pulse volume ranging from 0.5 to 0.75ml, while ProSim defaults at 1 ml. Depending on type of monitors, if you change the pulse volume, cuff size (mandrel blocks or 500 ml rigid chamber) or tubing, the absolute NIP readings may change accordingly, but repeatability should stay the same.

Each individual manufacturer utilizes their proprietary algorithm for identification of the systolic and diastolic points. Some may use the height of the pressure waveform to mark these points; others may use the slope of the pressure signal. Given that algorithms vary, it is difficult to compare between different blood pressure monitors from different manufacturers.

There are many factors such as tubing and cuff size etc. which may affect NIBP readings. Some variance is normal and acceptable. ProSim generates a very repeatable simulation. For this simulation, an ideal NIBP monitor would show a variation of less than 2 mmHg from one simulation to the next. Most of the variation seen here originates in the monitor. This is normal and accepted.

Section 3.4.3 of the ANSI Standard for Electronic or Automated Sphygmomanometers specifies the required efficacy of the blood pressure
determination:

Blood pressure is measured with a blood pressure cuff and recorded as two numbers, such as 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). The top, larger number is called the systolic pressure. This is the pressure generated when the heart contracts (pumps). It reflects the pressure of the blood against arterial walls. The bottom, smaller number is called the diastolic pressure. This reflects the pressure in the arteries while the heart is filling and resting between heartbeats.

Improper cuff size has been considered one of the most common errors with blood pressure measurements. It is well documented that readings can be falsely elevated, sometimes to the extreme with a cuff that is too small. The rule established by the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests cuff width should be at least 40 % of the greatest arm circumference.

We don't recommend having the charger connected for a long periods of time. There is a non-recoverable capacity loss upon aging. The higher the state of charge & temperature, the higher the percentage of non-recoverable capacity loss will be. We estimate a 100 % state-of-charge under 25 °C room temperature will have about 15 % capacity loss per year of storage.